Although there is always a grey area, the Dutch law is pretty clear on which costs are for the account of tenant and which are for landlord. The legislator has recorded this in what is called the ‘besluit kleine herstellingen’. The rule of thumb is that major maintenance are for the costs of landlord and the smaller maintenance jobs are for tenant.
It’s important to mention that a tenant is also financially responsible when they have caused the damages to the property. In this case, it doesn’t matter whether it’s listed under major maintenance or small maintenance jobs.